Interesting Facts About Restoration Comedy

Among the many sub-genres of comedy is  the comedy of manners, or restoration comedy,  which originated in France with Molià ¨res Les Precieuses Ridicules (1658). Molià ¨re used this comic form to correct social absurdities.   In England, the comedy of manners is represented by the plays of William Wycherley, George Etherege, William Congreve,  and George Farquhar. This form was later classed old comedy but is now known as restoration comedy because it coincided with Charles IIs return to England. The main goal of these comedies of manners was to mock or scrutinize society. This allowed the audience to laugh at themselves and society. Marriage and the Game of Love One of the major themes of restoration comedy is marriage and the game of love. But if marriage is a mirror of society, the couples in the plays show something very dark and sinister about order. Many critiques of marriage in the comedies are devastating. Although the endings are happy and the man gets the woman, we see marriages without love and love affairs that are rebellious breaks with tradition. William Wycherleys Country Wife In Wycherleys Country Wife, the marriage between Margery and Bud Pinchwife represents a hostile union  between an older man and a young woman. The Pinchwifes are the focal point of the play, and Margerys affair with Horner only adds to the humor. Horner cuckolds all of the husbands while pretending to be a eunuch. This causes the women to flock to him. Horner is a master at the game of love, though he is emotionally impotent. The relationships in the play are dominated by jealousy or cuckoldry. In Act IV, scene ii., Mr. Pinchwife says, So, tis plain she loves him, yet she has not love enough to make her conceal it from me; but the sight of him will increase her aversion for me and love for him, and that love instruct her how to deceive me and satisfy him, all idiot as she is. He wants her to be unable to deceive him. But even in her obvious innocence, he doesnt believe she is. To him, every woman came out of natures hands plain, open, silly, and fit for slaves, as she and Heaven intended em. He also believes women are more lustful and devilish than men. Mr. Pinchwife isnt especially bright, but in his jealousy, he becomes a dangerous character,  thinking Margery conspired to cuckold him. He is correct, but if hed known the truth, he would have killed her in his madness. As it is, when she disobeys him, he says, Once more write as Id have you, and question it not, or I will spoil thy writing with this. [Holding up the penknife.] I will stab out those eyes that cause my mischief. He doesnt ever hit her or stab her in the play (such actions wouldnt make a very good comedy), but Mr. Pinchwife continually locks Margery in the closet, calls her names, and in all other ways, acts like a brute. Because of his abusive nature, Margerys affair is no  surprise. In fact, it is accepted as a social norm, along with Horners promiscuity. In the end, Margery learning to lie is expected because the idea has already been set up when Mr. Pinchwife voices his fears that if she loved Horner more, she would conceal it from him. With this, social order is restored. Man of Mode The theme of the restoration of order in love and marriage continues in Ethereges Man of Mode (1676). Dorimant and Harriet are immersed in the game of love. Although it seems obvious that the couple is destined to be together, an obstacle is placed in Dorimants way by Harriets mother, Mrs. Woodville. She  has arranged for her to marry Young Bellair, who already has his eye on Emilia. Threatened with the possibility of being disinherited, Young Bellair and Harriet pretend to accept the idea, while Harriet and Dorimant go at it in their battle of wits. An element of tragedy is added to the equation as Mrs. Loveit comes into the picture, breaking her fans and acting hysterically. The fans, which were supposed to hide a flush of passion or embarrassment, no longer offer her any protection. She is defenseless against Dorimants cruel words and the all too realistic facts of life; there can be no doubt that she is a tragic side effect of the game of love. Having long since lost interest in her, Dorimant continues to lead her on, giving her hope  but leaving her in despair. In the end, her  unrequited love  brings her ridicule, teaching society that if you are going to play at the game of love, youd better be prepared to get hurt. Indeed, Loveit comes to the realization that Theres nothing but falsehood and impertinence in this world. All men are villains or fools, before she parades out. By the end of the play, we see one marriage, as expected, but it is between Young Bellair and Emilia, who broke with tradition by marrying secretly, without Old Bellairs consent. But in a comedy, all must be forgiven, which  Old Bellair does. While Harriet sinks into a depressing mood, thinking of her lonely house in the country and the poignant noise of the rooks, Dorimant admits his love to her, saying The first time I saw you, you left me with the pangs of love upon me; and this day my soul has quite given up her liberty. Congreves The Way of the World (1700) In Congreves The Way of the World (1700), the trend of restoration continues, but marriage becomes more about contractual agreements and greed  than love. Millamant and Mirabell iron out a prenuptial agreement before they marry. Then Millamant, for an instant, seems willing to marry her cousin Sir Willful, so that she can keep her money. Sex in Congreve, Mr. Palmer says, is a battle of the wits. It is not a battlefield of emotions.   Its comical to see the two wits going at it, but when we look deeper, there is seriousness behind their words. After they list conditions, Mirabell says, These provisos admitted, in other things I may prove a tractable and complying husband. Love may be the basis of their relationship, as Mirabell appears honest; however, their alliance is a sterile romance, devoid of the touchy, feely stuff, which we hope for in a courtship. Mirabell and Millamant are two wits perfect for each other in the battle of the sexes; nevertheless, the pervading sterility and greed reverberates as the relationship between the two wits becomes much more confusing.   Confusion and deception are the way of the world, but compared to The Country Wife and earlier drama, Congreves play shows a different kind of chaos--one marked with contracts and greed instead of the hilarity and mix-up of Horner and other rakes. The evolution of society, as mirrored by the plays themselves,  is apparent. The Rover The apparent change in society becomes more explicit as we look at  Aphra Behns play, The Rover (1702). She borrowed almost all of the plot and many details from Thomaso, or the Wanderer, written by Behns old friend, Thomas Killigrew; however, this fact does not diminish the quality of the play. In The Rover, Behn addresses the issues that are of primary concern to her--love and marriage. This play is a comedy of intrigue and isnt set in England as the others play on this list have been. Instead, the action is set in Naples, Italy, during Carnival, an exotic setting, which takes the audience away from the familiar as a sense of alienation pervades the play. The games of love, here, involve Florinda, destined to marry an old, rich man  or her brothers friend. Theres also Belville, a young gallant who rescues her and wins her heart, along with Hellena, Florindas sister, and Willmore, a young rake who falls in love with her. There are no adult s present throughout the play, though Florindas brother is an authority figure, blocking her from a marriage of love. Ultimately, though, even the brother doesnt have much to say in the matter. The women -- Florinda and Hellena -- take the situation pretty much into their own hands, deciding what they want. This is, after all, a play written by a woman. And  Aphra Behn  was not just any woman. She was one of the first women to make a living as a writer, which was quite a feat in her day. Behn was also known for her escapades as a spy and other nefarious activities. Drawing upon her own experience and rather revolutionary ideas, Behn creates female characters who are very different from any in previous period plays. She also addresses the threat of violence toward women, such as rape. This is a much darker view of society than the other playwrights created. The plot was further complicated when Angelica Bianca enters the picture, providing us with a searing indictment against society and the state of moral decay. When Willmore breaks his oath of love to her by falling in love with Helena, she goes crazy, brandishing a pistol and threatening to kill him. Willmore admits his inconstancy, saying, Broke my Vows? Why, where hast thou lived? Amongst the gods! For I never heard of mortal man that has not broke a thousand vows. He is an interesting representation of the careless and callous gallant of the Restoration, concerned mainly with his own pleasures and not interested in whom he hurts along the way. In the end, all of the conflicts are resolved with prospective marriages and released from the threat of marriage to an old man or the church. Willmore closes the last scene by saying, Egad, thourt a brave girl, and I admire thy love and courage. Lead on; no other dangers they can dread/ Who ventured in the storms o th marriage bed. The Beaux Stratagem   Looking at The Rover, it is not hard to make a leap to  George Farquhars play, The Beaux Stratagem (1707).  In this play, he presents a terrible indictment on love and marriage. He depicts Mrs. Sullen as a frustrated wife, trapped in a marriage with no escape in sight (at least not at first). Characterized as a hate-hate relationship, the Sullens do not even have mutual respect to base their union on. Then, it was difficult, if not impossible to get a divorce; and, even if Mrs. Sullen managed to divorce, she would have been destitute because all of her money belonged to her husband. Her plight seems hopeless as she answers her sister-in-laws You must have Patience, with, Patience! the Cant of Custom--Providence sends no Evil without a Remedy--shoud I lie groaning under a Yoke I can shake off, I were accessory to my Ruin, and my Patience were no better than self-Murder. Mrs. Sullen is a tragic figure when we see her as wife to an ogre, but she is comical as she plays at love with Archer. In The Beaux Stratagem, though, Farquhar shows himself to be a transitional figure when he introduces the contractual elements of the play. The Sullen marriage ends in divorce, and the traditional comic resolution is still kept intact with the announcement of the marriage of Aimwell and Dorinda. Of course, Aimwells intent was to woe Dorinda into marrying him so that he could squander her money. In that respect, at least the play compares with Behns The Rover and Congreves The Way of the World; but in the end, Aimwell says,  Such Goodness who coud injure; I find myself unequal to the task of Villain; she has gaind my Soul, and made it honest like her own; --I cannot, cannot hurt her. Aimwells statement shows a marked change in his character. We can suspend disbelief as he tells Dorinda, Im a Lie, nor dare I give a Fiction to your Arms; Im all Counterfeit except my Passion. Its another happy ending! Sheridans The School for Scandal Richard Brinsley Sheridans play The School for Scandal (1777) marks a shift from the plays discussed above. Much of this change is due to a falling away of the Restoration values into a different kind of restoration -- where a new morality comes into play. Here, the bad are punished and the good are rewarded, and appearance doesnt fool anyone for long, especially when the long lost guardian, Sir Oliver, comes home to discover all. In the Cain and Abel scenario, Cain, a part played by Joseph Surface, is exposed as being an ungrateful hypocrite and Abel, a part played by Charles Surface, is really not that bad after all (all blame is  placed on his brother). And the virtuous young maiden--Maria--was right in her love, though she obeyed her fathers orders to refuse any further contact with Charles until he was vindicated. Also  interesting is that Sheridan does not create affairs between the characters of his play. Lady Teazle was willing to cuckold Sir Peter with Joseph until she learns the genuineness of his love. She realizes the error of her ways, repents and, when discovered, tells all and is forgiven.  There is nothing  realistic about the play, but its intent is much more moral than any of the earlier comedies. Wrapping Up Though these Restoration plays broach similar themes, the methods and the outcomes are completely different. This shows how much more conservative England had become by the late 18th century. Also as time moved forward, the emphasis changed from cuckoldry and the aristocracy to marriage as a contractual agreement and eventually to the sentimental comedy. Throughout, we see a restoration of social order in various forms.

Antigone - Paper 13 - 1697 Words

Greek drama was written in such a way that the characters are the pivotal aspect of the play. The main characters in Sophocles’ epic play, Antigone, are both very strong personalities, which naturally leads to conflict. Antigone and King Creon both have very intense beliefs and roles in this play that oppose each other, and although there is a family tie, will lead to an imminent tragedy. Antigone is a young women who believes in the loyalty of her family and fears no one and nothing. She is willing to give up her bright future and her life and disobey the edict of her uncle and bury her deceased brother. Antigone displays her heroic characteristics through her fearlessness, loyalty, perseverance, and is therefore the tragic heroine of†¦show more content†¦If it wasn’t for the incest of Oedipus and Jocasta, the parents of Antigone, Ismene, Polyneices and Eteocles, Oedipus would have never gouged his eyes out and given over a shared kingship to his sons. If the y hadn’t of been greedy and unable to share the kingship, then there would have been no edict forbidding the burial of Polyneices. Therefore, being a kin of Oedipus’ family, Antigone fell into a trap and was destined to fall into a tragedy. The antistrophe, which represents society and their views, expresses: â€Å"I have seen this gathering sorrow from time long past/ Loom upon Oedipus’ children: generation from generation/ Takes the compulsive rage of the enemy god./ So lately this last flower of Oedipus’ line/ Drank the sunlight! but now a passionate word/ And a handful of dust have closed up all its beauty.† (Sophocles Ode II) Society was conflicted in what to think about the entire conflict in the city of Thebes. It brought upon a theme of moral law versus civil law. No one knew what to think or who to side with because everyone was right, yet everyone was wrong. Antigone is a perfect example of a tragic heroine and exemplifies every aspect of the definition. Antigone can be compared to any brave woman who decides to fight for what she believes in but she can best be compared to a twentieth century woman soldier in any branch of the armed forces. It can be said that any soldier has the characteristics of loyal andShow MoreRelatedBlood Bonds, Antigone, and The Eumenides Essay878 Words   |  4 PagesBlood Bonds, Antigone, and The Eumenides Every human on this earth has a bond to another. These bonds, as well as their significance, differ between people. This paper will focus on the bonds of marriage and blood, and their role in the plays Antigone and The Eumenides. How do they relate to each other? Is one more important than the other? How does the divine and mortal world interpret these? Through a review of the two plays and a comparison of their presentation of the bonds of blood andRead MoreJustice Is An Important Part Of Our Social And Justice System967 Words   |  4 Pagestaken advantage of. In this paper, I argue that Martin Luther King has the most persuasive understanding of justice. His position is the best because he lived within the walls of injustice his entire life and made it his life mission to bring justice back to his people. Two theorists that would be on the opposing side of Kings view of justice are, Plato and Sophocles. Sophocles presents us with a beautiful and heartwarming kind of justice that we see because of Antigone fighting for the justice ofRead MoreEssay about Creon the Tragic Hero931 Words   |  4 Pages In the play Antigone by Sophocles,one could easily be lead to believe Antigone is the the tragic hero when in fact a strong case can be made that Creon, the king of Thebes, is actually the tragic hero. In believing that Creon is the tragic hero it would seem practical to call the play Creon rather than Antigone. On the other hand, naming the play Antigone gives the play a twist that leads the audience into a dynamically tragic journey through the lives of a prestigious royal family and it givesRead MoreThe Role Of Storytelling In The Pillowman And Antigone In New York1416 Words   |  6 PagesThe Pillowman and Antigone in New York illustrate storytelling as a central role regarding the ch aracter truth. The impact of storytelling influences the actions and behaviour that the police officer’s observation affects the way the characters perceive themselves. Katurian in The Pillowman and the homeless, Anita, Sasha and Flea, in Antigone in New York represent the act of storytelling as a way to escape their realities. Storytelling examines the influence from the past to represent the problemsRead MoreThe Ancient Greek Of Ancient Greece1690 Words   |  7 PagesTheir settings can suggest a lot about the circumstances and conditions under which this play was performed. The dramatic presentations were crucial to Athenians, a fact that can be seen from the numerous and well- spread theatres across the city. The paper will focus on how the ancient playwrights utilized their respective stages and the personnel to help them develop and bring out various themes in their plays. It will further talk about on how these dramatists manipulated the physical, cultural, political Read MoreLiterature: A Reflection of Society1764 Words   |  8 Pageswriting style and explore thoughts in various ways, which has different effects on different people. Although not all literature promotes social change, many pieces of literature have had a profound impact on their respective societies, including Antigone by Sophocles, â€Å"Civil Disobedience† by Henry David Thoreau, and Silent Spring by Rachel Carson. Greek theatre was an extremely important part of life in ancient Athens and held much influence over the people because it was a part of the new politicalRead MoreAll My Sons Greek Analysis1299 Words   |  6 Pagesrelationships† to the magnitude of a tragic hero (Galvin). All my Sons is a great example of how Miller uses the six elements described by Aristotle to create modern American tragedies that reflect ancient Greek tragedies like Oedipus the King and Antigone. Plot: Miller chooses to start the plot late into the actual story. Like in Aristolian or climatic drama, many actions have already taken place. The â€Å"disappearance† of Larry, the trial of Joe Keller, the incarceration of Herbert Deever, and theRead MoreMedia Magic Making Class Invisible2198 Words   |  9 Pageschoose to research it for themselves. Mantsios back himself up by using more than one source to prove his theory about test scores and what class you are in. Whether you choose to believe him or not, the reality is the facts are there, written on the paper right in front of your eyes. He also backs his theory by giving examples of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“some typical lifestyles and some not so typical lifestylesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , which means he shows you a complete profile of a persons life including: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Mother and fathers name and occupationRead MoreEssay about Three Approaches to Coping with School Violence2647 Words   |  11 Pagesof a jointly-owned classroom community—these are more than strategies of mediation; they are principles of teaching, learning, and classroom environment-building that are rock-solid. When teachers and students apply these principles beyond the paper curriculum—whatever the discipline—to define a process for settling disputes, what emerges is a rational approach to coping with the violence problem. And it is a process grounded in sound educational practice rather than in mere top-down coercionRead MoreAnalysis Of `` The Yellow Wallpaper `` By Charlotte Perkins Gilman1777 Words   |  8 Pagesmade her tired as it was a lot of work to hide it every time. Woolf states, â€Å"Not being a historian, one might go even further and say that women have burnt like beacons in all the works of all the poets from the beginning of time- Clytemnestra, Antigone, Cleopatra†¦ The names flock to mind, nor do they recall women ‘lacking in personality and character’† (776). None of these women lacked what men thought, they were just as talented and brilliant as men were. Men were more acknowledged than those

Week 3 Free Essays

Student Exam 1/16/12 9:14 AM Week 3 : Managing Assets and Resources in the Digital Firm – Homework Save Answers Submit for Grading 1. A characteristic or quality describing an entity is called a(n) (Points : 1) field. tuple. We will write a custom essay sample on Week 3 or any similar topic only for you Order Now key field. attribute. 2. The confusion created by _____ makes it difficult for companies to create customer relationship management, supply chain management, or enterprise systems that integrate data from different sources. (Points : 1) batch processing data redundancy data independence online processing 3. Duplicate data in multiple data files is called (Points : 1) data redundancy. ata multiplication. data independence. data backups. 4. A DBMS (Points : 1) makes the physical database available for different logical views. makes the logical database available for different analytical views. makes the physical database available for different analytical views. makes the relational database available for different analytical views. 5. The logical view (Points : 1) shows how data are organized and structured on the storage media. presents an entry screen to the user. allows the creation of supplementary reports. presents data as they would be perceived by end users. 6.The type of logical database model that treats data as if they were stored in two-dimensional tables is the (Points : 1) OODBMS. pre-digital DBMS. relational DBMS. hierarchical DBMS. 7. A field identified in a table as holding the unique identifier of the table’s records is called the (Points : 1) primary key. key field. http://takeexam. next. ecollege. com/(NEXT(f83986aacf))/Main/CourseM†¦703=rDEJX%252foi1wqaW6CBxURnSNa8tZLcim9DauNr3z3CFpI%253d Page 1 of 3 Student Exam 1/16/12 9:14 AM primary field. unique ID. 8. The data dictionary serves as an important data management tool by (Points : 1) ssigning attributes to the data. creating an inventory of data contained in the database. presenting data as end users or business specialists would perceive them. maintaining data in updated form. 9. An automated or manual file that stores information about data elements and data characteristics such as usage, physical representation, ownership, authorization, and security is the (Points : 1) data dictionary. data definition diagram. entity-relationship diagram. relationship dictionary. 10. Which is the type of database management approach that can handle a large number of pages or documents? Points : 1) Hierarchical DBMS Relational DBMS Network DBMS NoSQL 11. Which is the most prominent data manipulation language today? (Points : 1) Access DB2 SQL Crystal Reports 12. DBMSs typically include report-generating tools in order to (Points : 1) retrieve and display data. display data in an easier-to-read format. display data in graphs. perform predictive analysis. 13. A schematic of the entire database that describes the relationships in a database is called (Points : 1) the data dictionary. the intersection relationship diagram. the entity-relationship diagram. the data definition diagram. 14. What is the process of streamlining data to minimize redundancy and awkward many-to-many relationships? (Points : 1) Normalization Data scrubbing Data cleansing Data defining http://takeexam. next. ecollege. com/(NEXT(f83986aacf))/Main/CourseM†¦703=rDEJX%252foi1wqaW6CBxURnSNa8tZLcim9DauNr3z3CFpI%253d Page 2 of 3 Student Exam 1/16/12 9:14 AM 15. Cloud computing offers (Points : 1) no database functions. some database functions. products only from Amazon and Microsoft. None of the above 16. A data warehouse is composed of (Points : 1) historical data from legacy systems. current data. internal and external data sources. istoric and current internal data. 17. A data mart usually can be constructed more rapidly and at lower cost than a data warehouse because (Points : 1) a data mart typically focuses on a single subject area or line of business. all the information is historical. a data mart requires a Web interface. all of the information belongs to a single company. 18. Data mining is a tool that allows users to (Points : 1) quickly compare transaction data gathered over many years. find hidden relationships in data. obtain online answers to ad hoc questions in a rapid amount of time. summarize massive amounts of data into much smaller, traditional reports. 19. What is the tool that enables users to view the same data in different ways using multiple dimensions? (Points : 1) Predictive analysis SQL OLAP Data mining 20. OLAP is a tool that enables (Points : 1) users to obtain online answers to ad hoc questions in a short amount of time. users to view both logical and physical views of data. programmers to quickly diagram data relationships. programmers to normalize data. Save Answers Submit for Grading http://takeexam. next. ecollege. com/(NEXT(f83986aacf))/Main/CourseM†¦703=rDEJX%252foi1wqaW6CBxURnSNa8tZLcim9DauNr3z3CFpI%253d Page 3 of 3 How to cite Week 3, Essay examples Week 3 Free Essays What was Francis Henry Galton’s major contribution to forensic science? Francis Henry Galton’s major contribution to forensic science was fingerprinting. Although he wasn’t the first person with the idea of fingerprinting, he was more successful with the idea and the scientific knowledge that he knew. 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Week 3 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Who is known as â€Å"the father of forensic toxicology† and why? Mathieu Orfila is known and â€Å"the father of forensic toxicology†. In 1814 he published the first book on poisons and how they affect animals. He is also known to be the creator of criminalistics. 3. Name two major contributions to forensic science made by Hans Gross. Hans Gross wrote the first book on scientific disciplines in criminal investigation. He also wrote a journal on forensics that is used to detect crime. 4. With what area of forensic investigation are Karl Landsteiner and Dr. Leone Lattes associated? Landsteiner and Dr. Lattes both associated in Forensic Medicine. Landsteiner discovered that blood could be put in different groups. After Landsteiner’s discovery Dr. Lattes established that different bloods could be used to identify people. 5. Who was the first person to apply the principles of forensic science to a working crime laboratory? 6. What is Locard’s exchange principle? Locard’s exchange principle is a cross-transfer that happens when two objects come into contact with each other. When two objects hit each other materials are exchanged. For example when two cars collide into each other the paint transfers to the other car. He believed that particles from a crime scene would be transferred to the criminal. 7. With what instrument did Dr. Walter C. McCrone make significant contributions to forensic science? McCrone brought the microscope into the forensic science field. The microscope is a great use for close up examination of objects used. McCrone ended up becoming the world’s preeminent microscopist. He was very dedicated to his work and knew what he was doing.    How to cite Week 3, Papers

Injuries from Fall and Transitional Care

Question: Discuss about the Injuries from Fall and Transitional Care. Answer: Introduction: Fall is an event which inadvertently causes a person to rest on the ground or other lower level. Falls are the second leading cause of accidental injuries worldwide. 37.3 million fall injuries are severe enough to require medical attention and are most frequently observed in older adults (age greater than 65) (Falls, 2016). Fractures such as Hip fracture, Leg fracture, Spine, rib and pelvis fracture, Intracranial injuries are the most common ones. Other fractures not as frequent include Arm fracture, Skull and face fracture, etc. Other injuries include Crushing injuries or internal injuries, open wounds of head, neck and trunk, Joint disorders, dislocation because of trauma and spinal cord injury (Russo, Owens Stocks, 2006). Spinal injuries include both Cervical as well as lumbar injuries. Also, Musculoskeletal injuries sustained can be in Upper extremity, Pelvic area as well as Lower extremity (Rozycki Maull, 1991). A major cause of concern in case of post-fall hospitalization in older individuals is rehospitalisation within 1-6 months of discharge. Whenever there arises a situation when a person has to be shifted from 1 level of health care and another as well as has to be shifted across care settings, transition care comes into play. Most common form of transition care is the one given when an individual is transferred from a hospital to his home for further care and convalescence (Naylor Keating, 2008). Transition care is especially important in case of older adults who suffer from multiple chronic conditions and complex therapeutic regimens and their family members who need to take care of such individuals. References Falls. (2016). Media Centre. WHO. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs344/en/ Naylor, M., Keating, S. A. (2008). Transitional Care: Moving patients from one care setting to another. Author manuscript. PMC. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2768550/ Rozycki, G. S., Maull, K. I. (1991). Injuries sustained by falls. Archives of emergency medicine, 8(4), 245-252. Russo, C. A., Owens, P. L., Stocks, C. (2006). Common Injuries That Result in Hospitalization, 2004, Retrieved from https://www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov/reports/statbriefs/sb19.pdf